to recommendations systematically (12). The strength of evidence of effectiveness corresponds directly to the strength of recommendations (e.g., ssj evidence ssj effectiveness ssj to an intervention being strongly recommended, and sufficient evidence corresponds to an intervention being recommended).

using only one activity to achieve desired ssj or multicomponent (i.e., using more than one related activity). Interventions were grouped together on the basis of their ssj Some studies provided ssj for more than one ssj In these cases, the studies ssj reviewed for each applicable intervention. The classifications or nomenclature used in this report were chosen to ensure comparability in the review process, and these classifications sometimes differ from ssj used in the original studies. ssj be included ssj the ssj of effectiveness, studies had to meet these criteria: a) they were limited to primary investigations of interventions selected for evaluation; b) they were published in English ssj January 1980 through May 2000; c) they ssj ssj in industrialized countries; and d) they compared outcomes in groups of persons exposed to the intervention with outcomes ssj groups of persons not exposed or less exposed to the intervention (whether the comparison was concurrent or before-after).

smoking-attributable expenditures, and productivity losses for adults in the United States.